Technology gyan. celindiya.blogspot.co.
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डेस्कटॉप
प्रौद्योगिकी
उपकरण, मशीनों, तकनीकों, शिल्प, प्रणालियों और संगठनों के तरीकों का ज्ञान, संशोधन, उपयोग और ज्ञान
२०वीं सदी के मध्य तक मनुष्य ने तकनीक के प्रयोग से पृथ्वी के वायुमंडल से बाहर निकलना सीख लिया था।
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प्रौद्योगिकी, व्यावहारिक और औद्योगिक कलाओं और प्रयुक्त विज्ञानों से संबंधित अध्ययन या विज्ञान का समूह है। कई लोग तकनीकी और अभियान्त्रिकी शब्द एक दूसरे के लिये प्रयुक्त करते हैं। जो लोग प्रौद्योगिकी को व्यवसाय रूप में अपनाते है उन्हे अभियन्ता कहा जाता है। आदिकाल से मानव तकनीक का प्रयोग करता आ रहा है। आधुनिक सभ्यता के विकास में तकनीकी का बहुत बड़ा योगदान है। जो समाज या राष्ट्र तकनीकी रूप से सक्षम हैं वे सामरिक रूप से भी सबल होते हैं और देर-सबेर आर्थिक रूप से भी सबल बन जाते हैं।
ऐसे में कोई आश्चर्य नहीं होना चाहिये कि अभियांत्रिकी का आरम्भ सैनिक अभियांत्रिकी से ही हुआ। इसके बाद सडकें, घर, दुर्ग, पुल आदि के निर्माण सम्बन्धी आवश्यकताओं और समस्याओं को हल करने के लिये सिविल अभियांत्रिकी का प्रादुर्भाव हुआ। औद्योगिक क्रान्तिके साथ-साथ यांत्रिक तकनीकी आयी। इसके बाद वैद्युत अभियांत्रिकी, रासायनिक प्रौद्योगिकी तथा अन्य प्रौद्योगिकियाँ आयीं। वर्तमान समय कम्प्यूटर प्रौद्योगिकी और सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी का है।
प्रौद्योगिकी का प्रभाव
सन्दर्भ
इन्हें भी देखें
Technology
A steam turbine with the case opened. Such turbines produce most of the electricity used today. Electricity consumption and living standards are highly correlated.[1] Electrification is believed to be the most important engineering achievement of the 20th century.
Technology ("science of craft", from Greekτέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia[2]) is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processesused in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded in machines to allow for operation without detailed knowledge of their workings. Systems (e. g. machines) applying technology by taking an input, changing it according to the system's use, and then producing an outcome are referred to as technology systems or technological systems.
The simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools. The prehistoric discovery of how to control fireand the later Neolithic Revolution increased the available sources of food, and the invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their environment. Developments in historic times, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale.
Technology has many effects. It has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products known as pollution and deplete natural resources to the detriment of Earth's environment. Innovations have always influenced the values of a society and raised new questions in the ethics of technology. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, and the challenges of bioethics.
Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar reactionarymovements criticize the pervasiveness of technology, arguing that it harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition.
Definition and usage
Science, engineering and technology
The distinction between science, engineering, and technology is not always clear. Science is systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.[16] Technologies are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy requirements such as utility, usability, and safety.[citation needed]
Engineering is the goal-oriented process of designing and making tools and systems to exploit natural phenomena for practical human means, often (but not always) using results and techniques from science. The development of technology may draw upon many fields of knowledge, including scientific, engineering, mathematical, linguistic, and historical knowledge, to achieve some practical result.
Technology is often a consequence of science and engineering, although technology as a human activity precedes the two fields. For example, science might study the flow of electrons in electrical conductors by using already-existing tools and knowledge. This new-found knowledge may then be used by engineers to create new tools and machines such as semiconductors, computers, and other forms of advanced technology. In this sense, scientists and engineers may both be considered technologists; the three fields are often considered as one for the purposes of research and reference.[17]
The exact relations between science and technology in particular have been debated by scientists, historians, and policymakers in the late 20th century, in part because the debate can inform the funding of basic and applied science. In the immediate wake of World War II, for example, it was widely considered in the United States that technology was simply "applied science" and that to fund basic science was to reap technological results in due time. An articulation of this philosophy could be found explicitly in Vannevar Bush's treatise on postwar science policy, Science – The Endless Frontier: "New products, new industries, and more jobs require continuous additions to knowledge of the laws of nature ... This essential new knowledge can be obtained only through basic scientific research."[18] In the late-1960s, however, this view came under direct attack, leading towards initiatives to fund science for specific tasks (initiatives resisted by the scientific community). The issue remains contentious, though most analysts resist the model that technology simply is a result of scientific research.[19][20]
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